Американская военная машина. Глубинная политика, глобальная связь ЦРУ с наркотиками и путь в Афганистан - Питер Дейл Скотт

52. Leonard Weinberg and Ami Pedahzur, Political Parties and Terrorist Groups (London: Routledge, 2003), 56.

53. J. Patrice McSherry, Predatory States: Operation Condor and Covert War in Latin America (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005), 43.

54. Dilip Hiro, The Iranian Labyrinth: Journeys through Theocratic Iran and Its Furies (New York: Nation Books/Avalon, 2005), 76.

55. Hiro, The Iranian Labyrinth, 74.

56. U.S. Congress, Senate, 102nd Cong., 2nd sess., The BCCI Affair: A Report to the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations from Senator John Kerry, Chairman, and from Senator Hank Brown, Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics, and International Operations, September 30, 1992, 1–2.

57. Scott, The Road to 9/11, 163–67.

58. Dorothy J. Samuels and James A. Goodman. “How Justice Shielded the CIA,” Inquiry, October 18, 1978), 10–11; U.S. Congress, House, Committee on Government Operations, Justice Department Handling of Cases Involving Classified Data and Claims of National Security, 96th Cong., 1st sess., House Report No. 96-280 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1979).

59. Alexander Cockburn and Jeffrey St. Clair, Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs, and the Press (London: Verso, 1998), 391–92.

60. E.g., “Colombia: The Perils of ‘Parapolitics,’” Economist, May 22, 2007. In my own writings I once attempted to distinguish between intentional parapolitics and uncontrollable deep politics (Scott, Drugs, Oil, and War, xx; Scott, The Road to 9/11, 267–69). But as both terms have gained currency, they have also become more and more interchangeable.

61. U.S. Congress, House, Committee on Intelligence, IC21: Intelligence Community in the 21st Century, Staff Study, 104th Congress, 205.

62. America’s income disparity, as measured by its Gini coefficient, is now among the highest in the world, along with Brazil, Mexico, and China. See Phillips, Wealth and Democracy, 38, 103; Greg Palast, Armed Madhouse (New York: Dutton, 2006), 159.

63. This is the subject of my book The Road to 9/11, 4–9.

64. Anthony Cave Brown, Oil, God, and Gold (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999), 213.

65. Vijay Prashad, The Darker Nations: a People’s History of the Third World (New York: Free Press, 2007), 276: [In hosting the World Muslim League], “Faysal had a senior partner in Aramco, and behind them was the U.S. government. . . . In eastern Saudi Arabia, the CIA agent James Russell Barracks confirmed the existence of ‘an extensive programme’ to fund small religious cells (these are the direct ancestors of Osama bin Laden’s Advice and Reformation Committee or Hayat Annaseyha Wa’ahisla).”

66. One could cite also the experience of the French Third Republic and the Banque de l’Indochine or the Netherlands and the Dutch East India Company.

67. Through a long century of revolution and counterrevolution, culminating in the Cold War, it was difficult to discuss this evolution dispassionately. Marxists and other radicals tended to focus on the pathogenic state. Academic social scientists in Western universities tended in contrast to assume that the state was the desirable prerequisite of social order.

68. Zbigniew Brzezinski, Second Chance: Three Presidents and the Crisis of American Superpower (New York: Basic Books, 2007).

69. For this process, see Paul M. Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000 (New York: Random House, 1987); Kevin Phillips, Wealth and Democracy: A Political History of the American Rich (New York: Broadway Books, 2002).

70. Scott, The Road to 9/11, 245–60.

71. Scott, The Road to 9/11, 2–3 (income disparity); 253, 386 (religion), citing Kevin Phillips, American Theocracy: The Peril and Politics of Radical Religion, Oil, and Borrowed Money in the 21st Century (New York: Viking, 2006), 9, 221–22, 226–28, 375.

72. The Royal Charter of the Bank of England was enacted as part of the Tonnage Act of 1694 (Statutes of the Realm, VI, 483–495), An Act For Granting to Their Majesties [William and Anne] Several Rates and Duties upon Tonnage of Ships and Vessels.

73. T. S. Eliot, The Idea of a Christian Society and Other Writings (London: Faber and Faber, 1982).

74. This qualified optimism is in some respects like Mead’s but without Mead’s unqualified commitment to Anglo-American capitalism.

75. Readers skeptical of the thesis that the Dark Ages were a period of liberation and creativity should read Lynn Townsend White Jr., Medieval Technology and Social Change (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1962).

76. “In 1899 Thorstein Veblen described predation as a phase in the evolution of culture, ‘attained only when the predatory attitude has become the habitual and accredited spiritual attitude . . . when the fight has become the dominant note in the current theory of life.’ After an entire century’s struggle to escape from this phase, we’ve suffered a relapse. The predators are everywhere unleashed; and the institutions built to contain them, from the United Nations to the AFL-CIO to the SEC, are everywhere under siege. Predation has again become the defining feature of economic life” (James K. Galbraith, “Taming Predatory Capitalism,” Nation, March 30, 2006, http://www

.thenation.com/doc/20060417/forum/4).

77. In The Road to 9/11, I discuss the role of the New York financial-corporate overworld in first designing the CIA and then mobilizing it in support of these coups.

78. Scott, Drugs, Oil, and War, 40.

79. Even the most notorious bank of all, the drug-laundering BCCI, was closed with convictions for only five employees in America and three in England. Cf. Scott, The Road to 9/11, 177–78.

80. Los Angeles Times, October 26, 2009, B1.

81. Scott, The Road to 9/11, 275, Frederick Lundberg, The Rich and the Superrich (New York: Lyle Stuart, 1968).

82. Robert Armstrong, El Salvador: The Face of Revolution (Boston: South End Press, 1982), 37.

83. Anderson and Anderson, Inside the League, 147.

84. E.g., Mark Zepezauer, The CIA’s Greatest Hits (Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press, 1994), http://www.doublestandards.org/ciahits.html. Asked by an Italian commission whether he was ever a member of WACL, delle Chiaie replied that he was not because he believed that WACL “operated as a CIA front” (hearing of Stefano Delle Chiaie on July